海洋地磁导航关键技术及发展趋势

Review of key technologies and development trends in marine geomagnetic navigation

关键词:  地磁  匹配导航  地磁测量补偿  地磁图  实时测量系统

Key words:  Geomagnetic  Matching navigation  Geomagnetic measurement compensation  Geomagnetic map  Real-time measurement system

摘要:

海洋地磁导航是水下多源信息融合导航技术体系中的重要组成部分，具有自主性强、隐蔽性高、应用范围广、可全天时及全天候运行等特点。在海洋GNSS拒止的环境下，提供了一种无源自主的导航方式。在深入调研国内外研究现状的基础上，对海洋地磁导航的基本原理和误差进行了分析，并总结了误差补偿方法。对海洋地磁导航的关键技术进行了总结，分析了不同地磁基准图构建方法，并总结了适配性评价指标。通过对比国外地磁数据事后处理方法，阐述了实时测量系统的难点和必要性。对不同匹配导航算法进行了分类阐述，并对其特点及使用范围进行了对比，同时还分析了算法的可改进之处。最后，给出了海洋地磁导航的发展趋势。

Abstract:

Marine geomagnetic navigation is an important part of the multi-source information fusion navigation technology system for underwater environments, with the characteristics of strong autonomy, high concealment, wide application range, all-weather and all-day operation. It provides a passive and autonomous navigation method in the marine GNSS-denial environment. Based on an in-depth study of the current research status at home and abroad, the basic principles and errors of marine geomagnetic navigation are analyzed, and the error compensation methods are summarized. The key technologies of marine geomagnetic navigation are summarized, and the methods of constructing geomagnetic reference maps are analyzed, together with a summary of the indicators for assessing adaptability. The difficulties and necessity of real-time measurement systems are described in comparison with foreign geomagnetic data post-processing methods. Classification and description of different matching navigation algorithms are given, and their characteristics and scope of use are compared. In addition, aspects that can be improved in the algorithms are analyzed, and the development trend of marine geomagnetic navigation is presented.