金刚石NV色心的矢量磁场测量方法研究

Study on vector magnetic field measurement of diamond NV color centers

关键词:  固态自旋  金刚石氮空位（NV）色心  集成磁强计  矢量分析  磁性检测

Key words:  Solid-state spin  Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center  Integrated magnetometers  Vectors analysis  Magnetic detection

摘要:

在地磁导航技术中，矢量测量技术提供了比标量测量技术更多的信息，例如角度和方向等。近年来，基于金刚石氮空位（NV）色心的量子传感技术在矢量场检测领域，因具有高灵敏度、高空间分辨率和全固态等优点而被广泛关注。然而，由于平台的局限性，无法用于移动式测量和外场测量。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种便携式小型集成NV矢量磁强计，并采用多通道、同时锁频方法实现三轴矢量磁场测量。该方法可以同时测量NV色心中磁场的所有笛卡尔分量，并从收集到的荧光信号中提取和所有NV轴相关的自旋共振位移，用于矢量磁场测量。实验结果表明，磁强计的噪声峰峰值为X轴0.114 nT,Y轴0.106 nT和Z轴0.093 nT，与理论值相比，误差在1%~4%之间。

Abstract:

In geomagnetic navigation technology, vector measurement techniques provide more information than scalar measurement techniques, such as angle, direction. Quantum sensing technology based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond has attracted much attention in recent years for its advantages of high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and all-solid-state in vector field detection. However, due to platform limitations, mobile and external field measurements cannot be performed. To solve this problem, a portable compact integrated NV vector magnetometer is proposed, and a multi-channel and simultaneous frequency locking method is adopted for triaxial vector magnetic field measurement. This method can simultaneously measure all the Cartesian components of the magnetic field in the NV color centers, and extract the spin resonance displacements associated with all the NV axes from the collected fluorescence for vector magnetic field measurement. The experimental results show that the peak-to-peak noise values of the magnetometer are 0.114 nT on the X-axis, 0.106 nT on the Y-axis and 0.093 nT on the Z-axis, with errors between 1% and 4% compared to the theoretical values.