真北方位基准标定与惯导测试设备引北技术

Technique for True North Reference Calibration and North Leading to Inertial Test Equipment

关键词:  真北方位基准  引北  天文定向  GNSS定向  惯导测试转台

Key words:  True north reference  North leading  Astronomical orientation  GNSS orientation  Inertial test table

摘要:

为了标校惯导产品诸如寻北仪的真北方位，需要在室内建立真北方位基准，并把真北方位引入惯导产品和测试转台等设备。主要探讨了真北方位基准标定和设备引北的有关实用方法，例如：基于双测站的天文定向、基于同步网的GNSS定向、经纬仪对向观测方法，并给出了综合运用这些方法的技术措施和适用性，以及典型实例。20年来，这些技术已在所完成的上百个此类项目中得到了成功运用，实测结果稳定；利用双测站的天文定向方法，通过两站方位传递，一般观测3~6测回，在良好的观测环境下，一般可获得高于经纬仪标称精度的定向结果。

Abstract:

To calibrate the true north of INS product such as north finder, a true north reference needs to be set up indoors and the north leading should be performed on inertial product and equipment like test table. Practical methods of true north reference calibration and north leading on inertial test table, such as astronomical orientation based on double station, GNSS orientation based on synchronization network, and reciprocal observation by double theodolites, are mainly discussed. The technical measures and applicability of the comprehensive utilization of these methods are given with typical examples. Over the last twenty years, these techniques have been successfully applied in hundreds of projects completed by the author with stable measurement results. By using the method of double theodolite astronomical orientation, and with the two stations azimuth transmission and a general observation set of 3~6, it is easy to obtain the orientation result with its accuracy higher than the nominal precision of theodolite in the good observation environment.