滑坡灾害GNSS监测技术研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospects of GNSS Deformation Monitoring Technology for Landslide Hazards

关键词:  滑坡灾害  全球卫星导航系统  监测  普适化

Key words:  Landslide hazards  GNSS  Monitoring  Universalization

摘要:

滑坡灾害在我国分布广泛，严重威胁着人民生命财产和重大工程设施的安全，进行滑坡灾害监测是防灾减灾工作的重要环节。全球卫星导航系统(GNSS）因具有全天时、全天候及高精度等技术优势，目前已广泛应用于滑坡灾害的地表三维形变监测中，且在监测理论与技术方法等方面取得了长足进展。首先综述了GNSS监测设备、高精度监测技术和监测结果时间序列处理等方面的研究进展；然后，总结分析了滑坡灾害GNSS监测技术所面临的弱信号低成本接收机研制、遮挡环境下模糊度可靠固定及长基线大高差环境下GNSS大气误差处理等关键问题与挑战；最后，对GNSS滑坡监测应用中的监测设备部署、大范围滑坡监测、多传感器位移融合预测及普适化监测云平台构建４个方面未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

Landslide hazards are widely distributed in China, which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and properties and major engineering facilities, and landslide hazard monitoring is an important part of disaster prevention and mitigation. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in monitoring the three-dimensional surface deformation of landslide hazards because of its technical advantages of all-day, all-weather and high accuracy, and has made great progress in monitoring theory and technical methods. The paper firstly reviews the research progress of GNSS monitoring equipment, high-precision monitoring technology and time series processing of monitoring results, then summarizes and analyzes the key problems and challenges faced by GNSS monitoring technology for landslide disasters, such as the development of low-cost receivers with weak signals, reliable fixation of ambiguity under obscured environment and the processing of GNSS atmospheric errors under long baseline and large height difference environment. Finally, the future development trend of GNSS monitoring technology in landslide disaster application, large-scale landslide monitoring, multi-sensor displacement fusion prediction and the construction of universal monitoring cloud platform is foreseen.